Why Keyless Entry Cars Are Vulnerable to Hacking

Introduction

In the age of smart technology, keyless entry systems have revolutionized the way we interact with our vehicles. Gone are the days of fumbling for keys—now, a simple push of a button or even just approaching the car can unlock the doors and start the engine. However, this convenience comes at a cost. Keyless entry cars, despite their advanced security features, are increasingly becoming targets for hackers and tech-savvy thieves.

This article explores the vulnerabilities of keyless entry systems, how hackers exploit them, and what car owners can do to protect their vehicles from unauthorized access.

How Keyless Entry Systems Work

Before delving into the security flaws, it’s essential to understand how keyless entry systems function. Most modern vehicles use a key fob that communicates with the car via radio frequency (RF) signals. When the driver presses a button or comes within proximity of the vehicle, the fob sends a unique encrypted signal to the car’s receiver, which then unlocks the doors or starts the ignition.

Some keyless systems, known as “passive entry”, don’t even require pressing a button—the car automatically detects the fob when the user is nearby, allowing for seamless access.

Common Hacking Techniques Exploiting Keyless Entry Systems

Despite encryption and rolling codes designed to prevent unauthorized access, hackers have developed sophisticated methods to bypass these security measures. Below are the most prevalent techniques used to compromise keyless entry cars:

1. Relay Attacks (Signal Amplification)

One of the most common hacking methods is the relay attack. Here’s how it works:

• Step 1: Thieves use two devices—a signal amplifier and a transmitter—to intercept the key fob’s signal.
• Step 2: One thief stands near the car, while another stands near the house (where the key fob is likely stored).
• Step 3: The amplifier picks up the fob’s weak signal from inside the home and relays it to the transmitter near the car.
• Step 4: The car mistakenly believes the real key fob is present and unlocks, allowing thieves to start the engine and drive away.

This attack is particularly dangerous because it doesn’t require physical theft of the key fob—it simply extends its signal range.

2. Rolling Code Vulnerabilities

Many keyless entry systems use rolling codes, which change with each use to prevent replay attacks. However, hackers have found ways to exploit weaknesses in these systems:

• Code Grabbing: If a thief intercepts a rolling code before it changes, they can replay it to unlock the car.
• Jamming & Resetting: Some hackers jam the signal when the owner locks the car, preventing the code from updating. Later, they replay the old code to gain access.

3. Key Fob Cloning

Advanced hackers can clone a key fob’s signal by capturing its unique identifier. Once cloned, they can create a duplicate fob that mimics the original, allowing them to unlock and start the car at will.

4. Brute Force Attacks

Some keyless entry systems have weak encryption, making them susceptible to brute force attacks. Hackers use software to rapidly generate thousands of possible codes until they find the correct one to unlock the vehicle.

Real-World Cases of Keyless Car Theft

Several high-profile cases highlight the dangers of keyless entry hacking:

• 2019 UK Car Theft Surge: Reports indicated that 92% of stolen cars in London were taken via relay attacks.
• Tesla Model S Hack (2016): Researchers demonstrated how they could remotely unlock and start a Tesla using a relay attack.
• Mercedes-Benz Keyless Vulnerability (2020): Hackers found a way to bypass the encryption in certain models, allowing them to steal cars in seconds.

How to Protect Your Keyless Entry Car from Hacking

While no system is entirely foolproof, car owners can take proactive steps to minimize the risk of hacking:

1. Use a Faraday Pouch (Signal-Blocking Bag)

A Faraday pouch blocks RF signals, preventing relay attacks. Store your key fob in it when not in use.

2. Disable Wireless Signals When Not Needed

Some key fobs allow users to disable wireless functionality, forcing manual button presses for added security.

3. Park in Secure Locations

Parking in a garage or well-lit area reduces the chances of thieves attempting a relay attack.

4. Enable Additional Security Features

• Steering Wheel Locks: A physical deterrent makes theft more difficult.
• GPS Trackers: Helps locate the vehicle if stolen.
• OBD Port Locks: Prevents hackers from reprogramming a new key.

5. Update Your Car’s Software

Manufacturers often release security patches. Ensure your car’s firmware is up to date.

Conclusion

Keyless entry systems offer unparalleled convenience, but they also introduce new security risks. Hackers continue to develop sophisticated methods to exploit vulnerabilities, making it crucial for car owners to stay informed and take preventive measures. By understanding the risks and implementing protective strategies, drivers can enjoy the benefits of keyless technology without falling victim to theft.

As automotive cybersecurity evolves, manufacturers must also prioritize stronger encryption and anti-hacking measures to keep vehicles safe in an increasingly digital world. Until then, vigilance remains the best defense against keyless car hacking.