How Games Simulate Political Science Theories

From the intricate diplomacy of Civilization to the power struggles in Crusader Kings, video games have long served as interactive laboratories for political science theories. By embedding mechanics that mirror real-world governance, conflict resolution, and social dynamics, games offer players a hands-on way to explore concepts like realism, liberalism, and constructivism—often without them even realizing it.

The Balance of Power in Strategy Games

Classic strategy titles such as Europa Universalis and Hearts of Iron simulate the realist school of thought, where states act in self-interest to maximize power. Players engage in alliances, betrayals, and military buildups, reinforcing the idea that international relations are inherently anarchic. The game mechanics often punish idealism, rewarding those who prioritize survival over morality—echoing the writings of political theorists like Machiavelli and Hobbes.

Social Contracts and Player-Driven Governance

Games like Frostpunk and RimWorld introduce players to the challenges of governance, forcing them to balance individual freedoms with collective survival. These simulations reflect social contract theory, where leaders must negotiate between authoritarian control and democratic consent. Players experience firsthand how policies influence societal stability, illustrating concepts from Locke and Rousseau in an engaging, experiential format.

Ideology and Narrative in Role-Playing Games

RPGs such as Disco Elysium and The Witcher explore political ideologies through narrative choices. Players navigate complex moral dilemmas, confronting issues like class struggle, nationalism, and justice. These games embody constructivist theories, demonstrating how beliefs and identities shape political behavior. By immersing players in fictional yet plausible worlds, they foster deeper empathy for real-world ideological conflicts.

Conclusion: Games as Thought Experiments

Far beyond mere entertainment, games serve as dynamic models of political theory, allowing players to test hypotheses and witness systemic consequences. Whether through grand strategy or intimate storytelling, they transform abstract theories into tangible experiences—proving that play can be one of the most insightful forms of political education.