The Most Common Rabbit Health Problems

Rabbits are delightful and gentle companions, but like all pets, they can suffer from various health issues. Being aware of the most common ailments can help owners detect problems early and seek timely veterinary care. Below are some of the most frequent health concerns that affect rabbits.

1. Gastrointestinal Stasis (GI Stasis)

One of the most serious and common conditions in rabbits is gastrointestinal stasis, where the digestive system slows down or stops entirely. This can be caused by poor diet (low fiber, high carbohydrates), dehydration, stress, or lack of exercise. Symptoms include reduced appetite, small or no fecal pellets, lethargy, and a hunched posture. Immediate veterinary attention is crucial, as GI stasis can be fatal if untreated.

2. Dental Problems

A rabbit’s teeth grow continuously throughout their life, and improper wear can lead to overgrown teeth, sharp spurs, or abscesses. Signs of dental issues include drooling, difficulty eating, weight loss, and reduced grooming. Providing a high-fiber diet with plenty of hay helps maintain proper tooth wear, but severe cases may require professional trimming or extraction by a vet.

3. Respiratory Infections

Rabbits are prone to respiratory infections, often caused by bacteria such as Pasteurella multocida. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal discharge, labored breathing, and watery eyes. Stress, poor ventilation, or dusty bedding can contribute to these infections. Early treatment with antibiotics is essential to prevent complications like pneumonia.

4. Parasites (Fleas, Mites, and Worms)

External parasites like fleas and mites (especially Cheyletiella, or “walking dandruff”) can cause itching, hair loss, and skin irritation. Internal parasites, such as worms, may lead to weight loss and digestive disturbances. Regular grooming, clean living conditions, and vet-recommended antiparasitic treatments help keep these pests at bay.

5. Urinary Tract Issues

Bladder sludge, stones, or infections can occur due to dehydration, high-calcium diets, or insufficient water intake. Symptoms include straining to urinate, bloody urine, or frequent licking of the genital area. Providing fresh water, a balanced diet, and encouraging movement can help prevent urinary problems.

6. Pododermatitis (Sore Hocks)

This painful condition results from pressure sores on a rabbit’s hocks, often due to hard flooring, obesity, or lack of mobility. Signs include redness, swelling, or open wounds on the feet. Soft bedding, proper weight management, and veterinary care (including pain relief and wound treatment) are necessary for recovery.

Prevention Is Key

Many rabbit health issues can be prevented with proper care:

• Diet: Unlimited hay, fresh vegetables, and limited pellets.
• Housing: Clean, spacious, and well-ventilated.
• Exercise: Daily opportunities to hop and explore.
• Veterinary Visits: Regular check-ups to catch problems early.

By staying vigilant and proactive, rabbit owners can ensure their furry friends live long, healthy, and happy lives. 🐰💕