Why Do Some Pets Have Extra Toes?

The Curious Case of Polydactyl Pets

Have you ever noticed your feline friend sporting what appears to be mittens rather than paws? Or perhaps you’ve seen a dog with what looks like an extra dewclaw? These special pets with additional digits are known as polydactyl animals, a fascinating genetic quirk that gives them more toes than usual. While most cats typically have 18 toes (five on each front paw and four on each back paw) and dogs normally have four toes per foot with a dewclaw higher up, polydactyl pets break this mold with their distinctive extra digits.

The Genetics Behind the Extra Digits

This unusual trait stems from a genetic mutation that occurs during embryonic development. In cats, the condition is linked to a dominant gene called the “Hemingway mutation,” named after the famous writer Ernest Hemingway who was gifted a six-toed cat. When this gene is present, it can cause the paw to develop additional toes, often giving the appearance of thumbs or making the paws look unusually large. For dogs, the genetics are slightly different but similarly result from mutations affecting limb development. Interestingly, these extra toes are often fully functional, complete with bones, joints, and sometimes even claws.

Historical Significance and Folklore

Throughout history, polydactyl animals have been surrounded by myth and legend. Sailors once considered polydactyl cats to be particularly lucky at catching rodents and bringing good fortune at sea. Some cultures believed these multi-toed felines had enhanced climbing and hunting abilities. In certain parts of the world like Wales and the Canadian Maritime provinces, polydactyl cats became so common that they’re now considered a regional characteristic. The Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum in Key West continues this tradition, housing approximately 50 polydactyl cats descended from Hemingway’s original pet.

Practical Implications of Extra Toes

While these additional digits might seem purely cosmetic, they can actually serve practical purposes. Many polydactyl cats demonstrate remarkable dexterity, using their extra toes almost like thumbs to grasp objects. Some dog breeds with extra toes, like the Norwegian Lundehund, developed this trait to help them climb rocky cliffs in pursuit of puffins. However, pet owners should be aware that extra toes sometimes require special care – the nails may need more frequent trimming as they might not wear down naturally through normal activity, and in rare cases, the extra digits can cause problems if they catch on objects.